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Download PDF, EPUB, MOBI Physiology of Astroglia : Channels, Receptors, Transporters, Ion Signaling and Gliotransmission

Download PDF, EPUB, MOBI Physiology of Astroglia : Channels, Receptors, Transporters, Ion Signaling and Gliotransmission

Physiology of Astroglia : Channels, Receptors, Transporters, Ion Signaling and Gliotransmission by Vladimir Parpura
Physiology of Astroglia : Channels, Receptors, Transporters, Ion Signaling and Gliotransmission
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Author: Vladimir Parpura
Number of Pages: 172 pages
Published Date: 30 Mar 2015
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Publication Country: San Rafael, United States
Language: English
ISBN: 9781615046720
Download Link: Physiology of Astroglia Channels, Receptors, Transporters, Ion Signaling and Gliotransmission
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Astrocytes can be defined as the glia inhabiting the nervous system with the main function in the maintenance of nervous tissue homeostasis. Classified into several types according to their morphological appearance, many of astrocytes form a reticular structure known as astroglial syncytium, owing to their coupling via intercellular channels organized into gap junctions. Not only do astrocytes establish such homocellular contacts, but they also engage in intimate heterocellular interactions with neurons, most notably at synaptic sites. As synaptic structures house the very core of information transfer and processing in the nervous system, astroglial perisynaptic positioning assures that these glial cells can nourish neurons and establish bidirectional communication with them, functions outlined in the concepts of the astrocytic cradle and multi-partite synapse, respectively. Astrocytes possess a rich assortment of ligand receptors, ion and water channels, and ion and ligand transporters, which collectively contribute to astrocytic control of homeostasis and excitability. Astroglia control glutamate and adenosine homeostasis to exert modulatory actions affecting the real-time operation of synapses. Fluctuations of intracellular calcium can lead to the release of various chemical transmitters from astrocytes through a process termed gliotransmission. Sodium fluctuations are closely associated to those of calcium with both dynamic events interfacing signaling and metabolism. Astrocytes appear fully integrated into the brain cellular circuitry, being an indispensable part of neural networks.

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